...country. , Section IV. BOMBARDMENTS, ASSAULTS, AND SIEGES 39. Bombardment of Undefended Places Forbidden The attack or bombardment, by whatever means, of towns,...dwellings, or buildings which are undefended is prohibited. (HR, art. 25.} 40. Defended Place Defined Investment, bombardment, assault, and siege have always been...

...following provisions : Article XXV of the Hague Regulations respecting war on land, which provides that ' the attack or bombardment, by whatever means, of towns,...buildings which are undefended is prohibited ' ; Article I of the Convention concerning bombardment by naval forces in time of war, adopted at the Hague Peace...

...to Hague Convention No. IV of 1907, relating to Laws and Customs of War on Land, provides that — "The attack or bombardment, by whatever means, of...dwellings, or buildings which are undefended is prohibited. Similar provisions are contained in Article I of Hague Convention No. IX, 1907, regarding bombardment...

...attached to Hague Convention No. IV of 1907, relating to Laws and Customs of War on Land, provides that— "The attack or bombardment, by whatever means, of...or buildings which are undefended is prohibited/' Similar provisions are contained in Article I of Hague Convention No. IX, 1907, regarding bombardment...

...1 showed, date from the nineteenth century. Article XXV of the 1907 Hague Convention specified that "The attack or bombardment, by whatever means, of...dwellings, or buildings which are undefended is prohibited" (Friedman 1982 318). Article XXVII demanded that all necessary steps be taken to avoid the bombardment...

...applicable in armed conflict. Para. 1. Cf. Article 25 of the Hague Regulations of 1907: "The attack of bombardment, by whatever means, of towns, villages,...buildings which are undefended is prohibited." Article 60 — Demilitarized zones 1 . It is prohibited for the Parties to the conflict to extend their military...

...belligerents to adopt means of injuring the enemy is not unlimited'.103 Consequently, they prohibit the attack or bombardment by whatever means of towns, villages, dwellings or buildings which are undefended,104 and the pillaging of a town or place, even when taken by assault.105 They prohibit the...

...of the enemy." The Hague Convention on Land Warfare of 1907 broke further ground by providing that "The attack or bombardment, by whatever means, of...or buildings which are undefended is prohibited." In other words, to ensure respect for the civilian population, the parties to a military conflict were...

...military target has a clear military function. Otherwise, in the language of the Hague Convention, "The attack or bombardment, by whatever means, of...dwellings, or buildings which are undefended is prohibited" (FM 27-10, p. 19). Hiroshima and Nagasaki were apparently not defended. They would still have been...

...which confirms and codifies customary law, a locality becomes a non-defended locality whenever the 1 "The attack or bombardment, by whatever means, of...buildings which are undefended is prohibited." (Article 25 of the Hague Regulations of 1907. Cf. also Article 1 of the 1907 Convention Respecting Bombardment...