...control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions. This policy of supplying, by opposite and rival interests,...system of human affairs, private as well as public. We see it particularly displayed in all the subordinate distributions of power, where the constant aim...

...control on the government; but experience has taught mankind the necessity of auxiliary precautions. This policy of supplying, by opposite and rival interests,...system of human affairs, private as well as public. We see it particularly displayed in all the subordinate distributions of power, where the constant aim...

...that will pit the interests of individuals, factions, and government departments against one another. "This policy of supplying by opposite and rival interests, the defect of better motives" informs and undergirds the new constitution: Ambition must be made to counteract ambition. The interest...

...(63:423-24; 70:471-72; 71:481-83). Sandalow also overlooks Publius's description of checks and balances as "a policy of supplying by opposite and rival interests, the defect of better motives" (51:349). To understand the system as Publius understood it, one would have to account for it in terms...

...constitutional rights of the place" (The Federalist, No. 51). A system of checks and balances — Madison's "policy of supplying, by opposite and rival interests, the defect of better motives — "seems peculiarly suitable to the process of creating constituencies, even though that was not...

...The Federalist no. 51 he said that people could trace "through the whole system of human affairs" the "policy of supplying by opposite and rival interests, the defect of better motives." Madison's 250th birthday comes at a melancholy moment. A banal and muddleheaded populism — call it...

...discussion of how separation of powers is to be maintained in the proposed constitution, he endorses the "policy of supplying, by opposite and rival interests, the defect of better motives" (Federalist 5 1 , MP 10, 477). However, these statements are certainly misunderstood if taken to mean...

...creating equilibrium among rationally controllable social forces reflects a more general human reality. "This policy of supplying, by opposite and rival interests, the defect of better motives," Madison argued, can "be traced through the whole system of human affairs, private as well as public."...

...illustrates the basic axiom of James Madison's explanation of the safeguards provided by the Constitution as "this policy of supplying, by opposite and rival interests, the defect of better motives."52 Like the system of formal checks and balances, freedom of the press assumes, and fosters,...

...on choice. Extending Madison's approach to electoral competition, we would adopt a variation of the "policy of supplying, by opposite and rival interests, the defect of better motives.""* The problem of political money illustrates the advantage of such an approach. The solution to this...