...hereafter "convincing or compelling states to accept their sovereign responsibilities." It went on: "We will not hesitate to act alone, if necessary,...our right of self-defense by acting preemptively" (p. 6). Referring to possible attacks by terrorists or rogue states, it declared: "To forestall or...

...civilian-soldier learns, on "identifying and destroying the threat before it reaches our borders. . . . We will not hesitate to act alone, if necessary, to exercise our right of self-defense by acting preemptively."8 Released just as the Bush administration stepped up preparations for the invasion of...

...development of weapons of mass destruction. According to the National Security Strategy, the United States "will not hesitate to act alone, if necessary, to...our right of self-defense by acting pre-emptively against such terrorists, to prevent them from doing harm against our people and our country" (US National...

...known as the National Security Strategy that fleshed out the doctrine of preemption. America would 'not hesitate to act alone, if necessary, to exercise our right of self-defense by acting preemptively against such terrorists, to prevent them from doing harm against our people and our country . . . We...

...about an invasion of Iraq and subsequently received little support from its allies. According to Bush, "The United States will constantly strive to enlist the support of the international community." But, he added, "we will not hesitate to act alone, if necessary, to exercise our right of self-defense...

...the criminal domain, we will rely upon and assist other states to eradicate terrorism at its root. The United States will constantly strive to enlist the support of the international community in this fight against a common foe. If necessary, however, we will not hesitate to act alone, to exercise...

...that present an imminent danger of attack." There is also a preference for preempting multilaterally: 'The United States will constantly strive to enlist the support of the international community." But "we will not hesitate to act alone, if necessary, to exercise our right of self-defense by acting...

...is committed to 'identifying and destroying the threat before it reaches' American borders, acting alone if necessary, 'to exercise our right of self-defense by acting preemptively against such terrorists, to prevent them from doing harm against our people and our country'. Further,...

...of fanatics. The Strategy claims that these new threats are so novel and so dangerous that we should "not hesitate to act alone, if necessary, to exercise our right of self-defence by acting preemptively." But in the discussion over the past few months about Iraq, the...

...then summarized by the president in October, puts forward a new direction for American foreign policy: "While the United States will constantly strive to...of self-defense by acting pre-emptively" (emphasis added).52 This document states clearly and unequivocally that the United States is justified in going...