...found," however, that if such approval was required, it occurred when Congress authorized the president to "use all necessary and appropriate force against...authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks" of September 11, 2001, and against those who "harbored such organizations or persons." 12 Second, Hamdi...

...against the United States on September 11, 2001. On September 18, 2001, Congress authorized the president "[t]o use all necessary and appropriate force against...planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks."The authorization is known as the Authorization for Use of Military Force (AUMF). 104 Order...

...Immediately following the 9/1 1 terrorist attacks, Congress passed legislation to authorize President Bush to use "all necessary and appropriate force against...determines planned, authorized, committed, or aided" the attacks.26 At a minimum, the statute authorized military action against the Taliban regime and al Qaeda...

...in the Authorization for Use of Military Force, September 18, 2001, supported the President's use of "all necessary and appropriate force against those...planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist [September 11] attacks ... or harbored such organizations or persons." 1 Congress also emphasized that...

...open-ended authority under the War Powers Act to use force, not only against nations but against any "organizations, or persons he determines planned,...terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such organizations or persons, in order to prevent any future acts of international terrorism...

...for [then] recent attacks launched against the US" It further stated, "The President is authorized to use all necessary and appropriate force against...those nations, organizations, or persons he determines to have planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11,...

...passed the Authorization for Use of Military Force Resolution in September 2001, allowing the president "to use all necessary and appropriate force against...nations, organizations, or persons he determines" had any role in planning, carrying out, or aiding the 9/1 1 attacks on the World Trade Center and the...

...example, in the aftermath of 11 September 2003, a joint resolution in Congress allowed the President to "use all necessary and appropriate force against those, nations, organizations, or persons" he deemed culpable, in order to stop future international terrorist acts. In October 2002 the President...

...permitted under legislation authorizing force against 'those nations, organizations, or persons who planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001'. 49 In early March 2003, the United States, Britain and Spain had drafted a Security Council resolution...

...international terrorists and terrorist organizations, including those nations, organizations, or persons who planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001. Sincerely, GEORGE W. BUSH 15 As Bonifaz commented in an interview, "The president was asserting in...